Results Phylogenetic analyses identified 17 distinct evolutionary lineages. To assess their phylogenetic relationships and possible status as new undescribed species, we examined DNA sequences from two mitochondrial (COI and 16S rRNA and three nuclear genes (H3, 18S and 28S rRNA. Here, we provide molecular and morphological evidence for 12 additional evolutionary lineages from Monterey Bay, California. Including the initial description of this genus in 2004, five species that live at depths between 25 and 3,000 m in the eastern and western Pacific and in the north Atlantic have been named to date. deceptionensis also includes a COI-based haplotype network indicating that individuals fromĪ remarkable diversity of bone-eating worms ( Osedax Siboglinidae Annelidaįull Text Available Abstract Background Bone-eating Osedax worms have proved to be surprisingly diverse and widespread. ![]() We also provide a phylogenetic framework that assigns newly-sequenced Osedax endosymbionts of O. 74.8 Ma concomitantly with large marine reptiles and teleost fishes. ![]() 108 Ma and also indicates that the most recent common ancestor of Osedax extant lineages dates to the Late Cretaceous (ca. A timeframe of the diversification of Osedax inferred using a Bayesian framework further suggests that Osedax diverged from other siboglinids during the Middle Cretaceous (ca. 'mediterranea' recently discovered in the shallow-water Mediterranean Sea belonging to Osedax Clade I. This phylogenetic analysis includes a new unnamed species (O. deceptionensis as a separate lineage (Clade VI although its position still remains uncertain. We present molecular evidence in a new phylogenetic analysis based on five concatenated genes (28S rDNA, Histone H3, 18S rDNA, 16S rDNA, and cytochrome c oxidase I-COI-, using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference, supporting the placement of O. Using experimentally deployed and naturally occurring bones we report here the presence of Osedax deceptionensis at very shallow-waters in Deception Island (type locality Antarctica and at moderate depths near South Georgia Island (Subantarctic. ![]() Since their discovery, 26 Osedax operational taxonomic units (OTUs have been reported from a wide bathymetric range in the Pacific, the North Atlantic, and the Southern Ocean. Usually, females of these animals live anchored inside bone owing to a ramified root system from an ovisac, and obtain nutrition via symbiosis with Oceanospirillales gamma-proteobacteria. Bone-Eating Worms Spread: Insights into Shallow-Water Osedax (Annelida, Siboglinidae from Antarctic, Subantarctic, and Mediterranean Waters.ĭirectory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)įull Text Available Osedax, commonly known as bone-eating worms, are unusual marine annelids belonging to Siboglinidae and represent a remarkable example of evolutionary adaptation to a specialized habitat, namely sunken vertebrate bones.
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